What if your morning jog could do more than burn calories? In Sweden, a fitness phenomenon has transformed ordinary walks and runs into environmental action, and the rest of the world is finally catching on. Plogging—derived from the Swedish phrase “plocka upp” (to pick up) combined with “jogging”—is the simple yet powerful practice of collecting litter while you exercise. It started as an organized effort in 2016 and has since spread to over 100 countries, turning fitness enthusiasts into everyday environmental stewards.
Key takeaways
- Plogging engages core and lower body muscles through constant squatting, bending, and reaching for litter.
- The practice provides a psychological boost by combining aerobic exercise with altruistic environmental action.
- Use two bags while collecting to separate recyclables from trash and prevent cross-contamination.
- Prioritize safety by wearing visible clothing and using gloves or grabbers to avoid handling hazardous waste.
What Is Plogging and Why Does It Matter
Plogging is exactly what it sounds like: you go for a jog, and when you spot trash along your route, you stop, pick it up, and keep moving. The beauty lies in its simplicity. There’s no special equipment required, no membership fees, and no complex techniques to master. You just need a bag for the litter and a willingness to bend down.
The environmental impact is significant. According to Keep Sweden Clean, the organization credited with popularizing the movement, ploggers have collected hundreds of tons of waste from streets, parks, beaches, and trails. Single-use plastics, cigarette butts, food wrappers, and beverage containers top the list of collected items. These materials, left unchecked, eventually make their way into waterways and oceans, contributing to the estimated 8 million metric tons of plastic that enter marine environments each year.
Beyond the tangible waste removal, plogging raises awareness. Participants become more conscious of consumption habits and packaging choices. The act of physically picking up someone else’s discarded coffee cup creates a lasting impression about our collective responsibility for public spaces.
The Surprising Fitness Benefits Beyond Traditional Jogging
While plogging might seem like jogging with interruptions, fitness experts have found that those interruptions actually enhance the workout. The constant bending, squatting, and stretching involved in picking up trash engages muscle groups that traditional running neglects.
Your core works harder to stabilize your body as you bend and reach. Your glutes and quads activate during squats to pick up items from the ground. Your arms and shoulders get involved when carrying a bag that gradually becomes heavier. Some fitness trackers have shown that plogging can burn more calories than a steady-state jog of the same duration, thanks to the intermittent bursts of higher-intensity movement.
The varied movement pattern also improves functional fitness. Real-life activities rarely involve repetitive motion at a consistent pace. Plogging mimics the kind of varied physical demands our bodies evolved to handle—walking, bending, reaching, carrying. This functional training element can improve balance, coordination, and overall mobility.
There’s also a mental health component. The combination of aerobic exercise, time outdoors, and altruistic action creates a powerful psychological boost. Research consistently shows that physical activity in natural settings reduces stress and anxiety more effectively than indoor exercise. Adding the element of environmental contribution amplifies the sense of purpose and satisfaction.
How to Start Plogging: Equipment and Preparation
Getting started with plogging requires minimal investment. The essentials are comfortable athletic clothing, supportive running or walking shoes, and something to collect litter in. A reusable shopping bag, a small backpack, or even a dedicated litter-picking bag works well. Some ploggers prefer gardening gloves for hygiene and protection, though many simply use their hands and wash thoroughly afterward.
If you want to level up your plogging game, consider adding a few inexpensive items. A grabber tool—similar to what groundskeepers use—lets you pick up items without bending, which can be helpful for those with back issues or limited mobility. Hand sanitizer is useful when you can’t wash your hands immediately. A small first aid kit can address minor scrapes.
Before heading out, plan your route with intention. Urban areas typically yield more litter, but parks, beaches, and hiking trails also benefit from cleanup efforts. Consider areas near schools, shopping centers, or transit stops, where foot traffic tends to generate more discarded items. Early morning plogs often reveal the previous day’s accumulation before maintenance crews arrive.
Check local regulations regarding litter collection. Most municipalities welcome volunteer cleanup efforts, but some public spaces may have specific guidelines. If you’re collecting in a park or protected area, a quick call to the managing authority can clarify any restrictions.
Safety Considerations for Ploggers
Safety should always come first. When you’re focused on spotting trash, it’s easy to lose awareness of your surroundings. Stay alert to traffic, especially on roadsides. Wear visible clothing, particularly during dawn or dusk hours. Many ploggers find that daytime sessions in well-populated areas feel safest.
Not all litter should be handled directly. Sharp objects like broken glass, syringes, or metal scraps require caution. Use gloves or a grabber tool, and if something looks hazardous, leave it for professionals. Report dangerous items to local authorities rather than attempting removal yourself.
Hydration matters just as much as it does for any outdoor exercise. Bring water, especially on longer routes or warm days. Sun protection—sunscreen, a hat, sunglasses—prevents UV damage during extended outdoor sessions.
If you’re plogging alone, let someone know your planned route and expected return time. Carry a phone for emergencies, and trust your instincts if an area feels unsafe. The goal is to contribute positively to your community while keeping yourself healthy and protected.
Making Plogging a Social Activity
While solo plogging offers solitude and personal satisfaction, the activity shines in groups. Organized plogging events have become popular worldwide, combining fitness with community building. Local running clubs, environmental organizations, and corporate wellness programs have all embraced the concept.
Organizing a plogging event is straightforward. Choose a date, time, and meeting point. Promote it through social media, community bulletin boards, or local fitness groups. Provide bags and gloves for participants who don’t bring their own. Some organizers weigh the collected trash at the end, creating a friendly competition element and a tangible record of impact.
Schools have incorporated plogging into physical education programs, teaching students about environmental responsibility alongside fitness. Corporate teams use plogging as a team-building activity that aligns with sustainability goals. Running stores have hosted plogging group runs, creating a natural connection between their customer base and community improvement.
The social aspect transforms plogging from an individual good deed into a movement. Participants share their experiences on social media using hashtags like #plogging and #plogga, inspiring others to join in. This visibility has been crucial to the trend’s global spread.
Tracking Your Environmental Impact
Many ploggers find motivation in quantifying their impact. The most straightforward metric is weight—weighing your collected litter at the end of each session provides a concrete number. Over time, these weights accumulate into a substantial total that demonstrates your contribution.
Some tracking apps have emerged specifically for plogging. These apps let users log the distance traveled, time spent, and amount of litter collected. Many integrate with existing fitness platforms, combining health data with environmental impact. Popular options include the Lifesum plogging feature and various community-created challenges on fitness apps like Strava.
Beyond numbers, consider documenting the types of waste you find. This data can reveal patterns about local consumption habits and problematic products. Some ploggers share this information with local officials or environmental groups to inform policy discussions about packaging, waste management, and public education campaigns.
Photo documentation creates a visual record of your efforts. Before-and-after shots of cleaned areas provide satisfaction and shareable content that can inspire others. Just be mindful of privacy—avoid photographing private property or individuals without consent.
Plogging Variations for Different Fitness Levels
One of plogging’s greatest strengths is its adaptability. You don’t have to be a runner to participate. Pwalking—walking while picking up litter—offers similar environmental benefits with lower physical intensity. This variation works well for older adults, those recovering from injuries, or anyone who prefers a more moderate pace.
Piking combines hiking with litter collection, addressing trash on trails and in natural areas that might not get regular maintenance. Mountain bikers have even gotten involved, stopping to collect waste along their routes. Beaches attract ploggers who combine shoreline cleanup with their usual coastal walks or runs.
Families can plog together, turning the activity into an educational opportunity for children. Kids learn about environmental stewardship while getting fresh air and exercise. Parents should handle any potentially hazardous items and supervise closely, but children can safely collect obvious items like plastic bottles and food wrappers.
For those seeking a greater challenge, competitive plogging events have emerged. These timed races require participants to collect litter at designated checkpoints, combining speed with sustainability. Some events award prizes for both fastest times and heaviest trash hauls.
The Global Spread and Future of Plogging
From its Swedish origins, plogging has become a genuinely international movement. Organizations in India, Thailand, the United States, South Africa, Brazil, and dozens of other countries have embraced the practice. The World Plogging Championship, first held in Italy, has brought competitive attention to the activity.
The trend aligns with broader cultural shifts toward sustainability and conscious consumption. As awareness grows about plastic pollution, microplastics in oceans, and the limitations of recycling infrastructure, people increasingly seek tangible ways to make a difference. Plogging offers immediate, visible results—the street is cleaner because you ran through it this morning.
Corporate sponsors have noticed. Athletic brands, outdoor companies, and sustainability-focused businesses have supported plogging initiatives, providing equipment, promotion, and organizational resources. This support has helped scale individual actions into coordinated campaigns with measurable impact.
Looking ahead, plogging seems poised to become a standard element of outdoor fitness culture. Its simplicity makes it endlessly replicable; its benefits make it worth repeating. As more people discover that their exercise routine can simultaneously improve personal health and planetary health, the movement will continue to grow.
The Psychology Behind Environmental Fitness Motivation
The staying power of plogging reveals something fascinating about human motivation. Traditional exercise routines suffer from high dropout rates—gym memberships go unused, running programs falter, and fitness resolutions fade by February. Yet plogging participants often report stronger adherence to their practice. The difference lies in what behavioral psychologists call “purpose-driven activity.”
When you jog solely for fitness, the benefit is internal and somewhat abstract. You’re running for your future health, for potential longevity, for numbers on a scale that might not budge as quickly as you’d like. The reward feels distant and uncertain. Plogging transforms this dynamic by adding an immediate, tangible external reward. Every piece of litter collected represents a visible accomplishment. The street looks cleaner. The park is visibly improved. You can hold the bag and feel its weight—a concrete measurement of your effort.
This dual-reward structure taps into what researchers call “win-win psychology.” Participants report feeling useful, productive, and connected to their communities. The altruistic component activates different neural pathways than pure self-interest, releasing oxytocin alongside exercise-induced endorphins. This neurochemical combination creates a more complex and satisfying emotional experience than exercise alone.
There’s also a social signaling element. Ploggers often share their activities on social media, but unlike performative fitness posts that can feel boastful, sharing plogging accomplishments signals virtue without arrogance. You’re not bragging about your body; you’re demonstrating care for your environment. This social validation reinforces the behavior without triggering the ambivalence some people feel about fitness-related sharing.
Environmental psychologists have noted that plogging creates a sense of place attachment. Regular participants develop stronger emotional bonds with their neighborhoods and local natural areas. When you’ve personally cleaned a street or trail, you feel invested in its ongoing care. This psychological ownership transforms anonymous spaces into places that matter, which in turn motivates continued stewardship.
Proper Disposal and Sorting: What Happens After the Bag Fills
Collecting litter is only half the equation. What you do with that waste determines whether your effort truly benefits the environment or simply moves trash from one location to another. Thoughtful ploggers develop disposal strategies that maximize recycling potential and minimize contamination.
The most efficient approach involves sorting during collection rather than at the end. Carry two bags: one for recyclables and one for true trash. This prevents recyclable items from becoming contaminated by food residue, liquids, or other waste that renders them unprocessable at recycling facilities. A plastic bottle caked in old coffee grounds or half-filled with soda typically cannot be recycled—it becomes trash despite its material potential.
Learn your local recycling guidelines thoroughly. They vary significantly by municipality. Some areas accept all plastics numbered one through seven. Others only process specific resin types. Some require bottles to be crushed; others prefer them intact. Some accept plastic bags; most do not. Understanding these nuances helps you make real-time decisions about what belongs in each bag.
Common recyclable finds include aluminum cans, glass bottles, PET plastic bottles (typically marked with a 1 inside the recycling symbol), and cardboard. Rinse these items when possible—even a quick shake to remove liquid improves recyclability. Remove bottle caps if your local system requires it, though many modern facilities can process bottles with caps attached.
Items that typically belong in regular trash include chip bags and candy wrappers (these are usually multi-layer materials that cannot be recycled), Styrofoam containers, soiled paper products, and plastic utensils. Cigarette butts deserve special mention: they are not biodegradable and contain toxic chemicals that leach into soil and water. Collect them, but dispose of them in regular trash, not recycling.
Some ploggers take disposal a step further by separating out items for specialty recycling. Certain brands and programs accept items that municipal systems do not, including chip bags, cosmetic containers, and plastic caps. TerraCycle, for instance, offers free recycling programs sponsored by various brands. Collecting these items separately allows you to divert waste that would otherwise head to landfill.
For large or unusual finds—abandoned furniture, construction debris, tires—contact your local public works department. Many municipalities offer bulk pickup services or can direct you to appropriate disposal facilities. Leaving these items for professional removal is often the responsible choice, especially for anything containing chemicals or materials that require specialized handling.
Starting a Community Plogging Initiative in Your Area
While individual plogging creates personal satisfaction and local impact, organized community initiatives amplify these effects dramatically. Starting a plogging group requires modest effort but yields substantial rewards—both environmental and social. Here’s how to build something lasting.
Begin with a clear, manageable scope. Your first event need not be ambitious. Choose a specific area—a particular park, a few blocks in your neighborhood, a section of beach—and set a reasonable time limit. Two hours is typically sufficient for a first outing. Participants can leave earlier if needed, but a defined end time helps people plan their day.
Partner with existing organizations rather than reinventing infrastructure. Local running clubs may welcome plogging as a variation on their usual group runs. Environmental nonprofits often have volunteer networks you can tap into. Parks departments frequently seek volunteer assistance and may provide supplies like bags, gloves, and grabbers. Schools, scout troops, and religious organizations offer built-in participant pools. These partnerships also lend credibility and help with promotion.
Create a simple communication system. A Facebook group, WhatsApp chat, or email list suffices for organizing regular meetups. Post the date, time, meeting location, and any specific instructions (what to bring, where to park, what to expect). After events, share photos and results—total weight collected, notable finds, number of participants. This documentation builds community and provides shareable content that attracts new members.
Establish basic safety protocols for your group. Have participants sign simple waivers acknowledging the voluntary nature of the activity. Keep a first aid kit on hand. Ensure someone present has a phone for emergencies. Discuss what types of litter to avoid handling. For larger events, consider having participants work in pairs rather than alone.
Engage with local media and government. Small-town newspapers and local news stations often cover community improvement efforts. A brief press release about your initiative can attract participants and recognition. Contact your city council member or relevant local officials—they may welcome the positive environmental action and could provide support or resources.
Build momentum through consistency. Regularly scheduled events—say, the first Saturday morning of each month—create habit and expectation. Participants come to anticipate and plan for these sessions. Over time, the group develops its own culture and camaraderie. Regulars bring friends. Word spreads. What began as one person’s idea becomes a community institution.
Handling Unusual and Hazardous Finds Responsibly
Ploggers encounter far more than cigarette butts and plastic bottles. The streets and trails of any community hold a catalog of human activity—some mundane, some surprising, some genuinely concerning. Knowing how to handle unusual finds protects both the plogger and the environment.
Sharps represent the most critical safety concern. Syringes, needles, and lancets require extreme caution. Never pick these up with bare hands, even if you’re wearing gloves. If you have a proper sharps container, use it. Otherwise, note the location carefully and report it to local authorities. Many cities have specific protocols for sharps disposal and dedicated services for collection. Some parks departments provide sharps containers and training for regular volunteers.
Broken glass and jagged metal require careful handling. Thick gardening gloves or a grabber tool can safely move these items into your collection bag. If the pieces are large or numerous, consider marking the area and notifying property owners or maintenance staff. Glass shards embedded in soil at parks or beaches pose ongoing hazards to children, pets, and wildlife.
Abandoned encampments present complex situations. Homeless individuals sometimes leave behind belongings, trash, and other materials. While cleanup is valuable, respect is paramount. If someone appears to be actively using an area for shelter, do not disturb their possessions. Connect with local outreach organizations that work with homeless populations—they may coordinate cleanup efforts appropriately.
Chemical containers require special attention. Motor oil jugs, paint cans, pesticide containers, and similar items may have residues that qualify as hazardous waste. Do not rinse these into storm drains or soil. Seal them if possible and take them to a household hazardous waste facility. Most counties operate these facilities and accept residential hazardous materials at no charge.
Electronics turn up regularly—discarded phones, headphones, batteries, and chargers. These items contain valuable recyclable materials but also potentially harmful components. Batteries, particularly lithium-ion types, can cause fires if damaged or improperly disposed of. Collect electronics separately and take them to an e-waste recycler. Many electronics stores and municipal facilities offer free e-waste drop-off.
Drug paraphernalia and suspicious substances warrant particular caution. If you encounter what appears to be illegal drugs or materials associated with drug use, do not handle them. Report the location to local law enforcement. Your role as a plogger is environmental cleanup, not evidence collection or intervention.
Occasionally, ploggers find items of value—lost wallets, jewelry, even cash. Check for identification if possible and attempt to return items to their owners. Turning found wallets over to police is typically the appropriate action. This integrity builds trust in the plogging community and demonstrates that participants are stewards, not scavengers.
Seasonal Considerations for Year-Round Plogging
Dedicated ploggers don’t let weather interrupt their practice. Each season presents unique conditions, challenges, and opportunities. Adapting your approach to seasonal variations keeps plogging sustainable throughout the year.
Spring brings renewal—and the accumulated evidence of winter neglect. Snowmelt reveals months of buried litter along roadsides and in parking lots. The thaw creates a particularly high-impact time for plogging, as this newly exposed trash will soon wash into storm drains and waterways if left uncollected. Spring rains soften soil, making embedded items easier to extract. However, muddy conditions require sturdier footwear and extra caution on slippery surfaces.
Summer offers extended daylight and warmer temperatures but demands attention to heat safety. Early morning and evening plogs avoid the most intense sun. Hydration becomes critical—carry more water than you would for a typical run. Lightweight, breathable clothing and sun protection are essential. Summer also brings higher foot traffic to parks and beaches, which means more litter generation but also more witnesses to your efforts, potentially inspiring others.
Autumn introduces falling leaves that can both hide and trap litter. Leaves pile against curbs and fences, often burying trash beneath them. Raking through leaf piles reveals hidden items but requires more time and effort. Cooler temperatures make for comfortable plogging conditions. The season also offers a psychological advantage: as winter approaches, there’s motivation to clear as much litter as possible before snow cover hides it until spring.
Winter plogging requires the most adaptation but offers unique rewards. Snow cover limits visibility of ground-level litter, but freshly fallen snow makes any debris immediately obvious. Frozen ground can actually make some items easier to collect—they lift cleanly from the surface rather than being mired in mud. Ice requires traction devices for shoes and careful route selection. Short daylight hours mean reflective clothing and lights are essential. Many ploggers shift to midday sessions during winter to maximize visibility and warmth.
Year-round ploggers develop seasonal gear collections. Waterproof bags protect collected litter from disintegrating in rain or snow. Insulated gloves maintain dexterity in cold weather while protecting hands from sharp objects. Layered clothing systems allow adaptation to changing conditions. Headlamps extend usable hours during seasons with limited daylight.
Weather extremes—heavy rain, thunderstorms, extreme heat or cold—warrant caution or postponement. The goal is consistent, sustainable practice, not heroism. Missing a session during dangerous conditions preserves your ability to plog for years to come.
Measuring Cumulative Impact Beyond Individual Sessions
The true environmental value of plogging emerges over time, as individual sessions compound into substantial cumulative impact. Thoughtful tracking and documentation transform isolated good deeds into meaningful data that can inspire others and inform broader environmental efforts.
Weight provides the most straightforward metric. A simple kitchen scale suffices for typical individual collections. Record your weight totals after each session, noting the date, location, and duration. Over months and years, these numbers accumulate impressively. A plogger who collects just two pounds per week—entirely achievable—removes over 100 pounds of litter annually. A dedicated community group can easily collect hundreds or thousands of pounds each year.
Item counts offer a different perspective on impact. Tracking the number of plastic bottles, aluminum cans, cigarette butts, or plastic bags collected reveals patterns about local consumption and waste. This data can inform targeted interventions. If a particular product or brand dominates your collection, that information might be shared with the company, local government, or environmental organizations working on source reduction.
Distance tracking connects environmental impact to fitness goals. Many ploggers already use apps to track their running or walking routes. Adding litter collection to these records creates a combined metric: pounds per mile, items per kilometer, or time spent actively plogging versus moving between finds. This integration demonstrates the dual benefit—fitness and environmental improvement—happening simultaneously.
Before-and-after photography provides visceral evidence of impact. Photographing a litter-strewn area before cleanup and the same space afterward creates a powerful visual record. These images communicate more effectively than numbers alone. They show potential participants what plogging accomplishes and provide satisfying documentation for those who did the work.
Aggregating data across communities creates broader understanding. Some plogging organizations maintain shared databases where individuals and groups log their collections. This aggregated data reveals geographic patterns, seasonal variations, and comparative impact across regions. It also provides credible numbers for media coverage, grant applications, and conversations with policymakers.
The psychological benefit of tracking shouldn’t be underestimated. Seeing your cumulative impact visualized—whether as a growing number on an app or a series of photos—reinforces the value of your effort and motivates continued participation. The human brain responds well to visible progress; tracking makes the invisible visible.
Corporate and Organizational Plogging Programs
Progressive organizations have recognized plogging’s unique combination of benefits: employee wellness, community engagement, environmental impact, and team building. Corporate plogging programs represent a growing trend that aligns business objectives with social responsibility.
Employee wellness programs increasingly incorporate plogging as an optional activity. Unlike traditional fitness challenges that focus solely on individual health metrics, plogging challenges can measure collective environmental impact alongside physical activity. Teams compete not just for steps or miles but for litter collected. This variation appeals to employees who find typical wellness incentives unmotivating. The altruistic component engages people who might never participate in a step-counting competition.
Team building through plogging offers advantages over conventional activities. Rather than trust falls or escape rooms, colleagues work together toward genuine community improvement. The shared effort creates natural conversation and bonding. Participants remember the time they found that bizarre item together, or the satisfaction of seeing a cleaned park at the end of their session. These shared experiences build relationships that transfer back to the workplace.
Corporate volunteer programs can integrate plogging easily. Many companies offer paid volunteer time; plogging provides a structured activity that requires minimal organization and delivers clear results. Some companies adopt specific areas—a park near headquarters, a stretch of highway near a facility—and commit to ongoing stewardship. This long-term relationship deepens impact and creates visible community presence.
Outdoor and athletic brands have been early adopters, but organizations across sectors are joining in. Tech companies plog around their campuses. Financial firms organize plogging events for employees. Manufacturing companies combine plogging with environmental compliance culture. The activity transcends industry boundaries because its benefits apply universally.
Implementation requires modest investment. Companies can provide branded reusable collection bags, gloves, and grabbers for participants. Some subsidize employee participation in organized community plogging events. Others host company-sponsored events open to employees, their families, and community members. The costs are low relative to typical corporate wellness or volunteer programming.
Public relations benefits emerge naturally. Companies can share their plogging initiatives through internal communications, social media, and local media outreach. This coverage demonstrates commitment to community and environment in tangible, verifiable ways. Unlike vague sustainability claims, plogging produces measurable results: X pounds of litter collected by Y employees over Z events.
Small businesses can participate too. A local cafe might sponsor monthly neighborhood plogs, offering discounts to participants. A running store could host weekly plogging group runs starting from their location. These initiatives build community goodwill and customer relationships while improving the local environment. The scale can be small; the impact is real regardless.
Frequently Asked Questions About Plogging
Is plogging legal?
Yes, in most places, picking up litter from public spaces is legal and encouraged. You’re performing a public service by removing waste. However, avoid entering private property without permission, and follow local guidelines for disposing of collected items. Some areas may have specific rules about where you can place filled trash bags—public receptacles are usually fine, but verify if you’re unsure.
What should I do with hazardous items I find?
Do not handle syringes, broken glass with exposed sharp edges, containers of unknown chemicals, or anything that looks potentially dangerous. Note the location and report these items to your local public works department or environmental services. They have the proper equipment and training to handle hazardous materials safely. Your safety matters more than collecting every piece of trash.
How do I dispose of the litter I collect?
Most public trash receptacles accept typical litter items like plastic bottles, food wrappers, and paper products. If you collect a large volume, you may need to take it home for curbside pickup or find a public dumpster. Recycle what you can—rinse containers if possible and sort according to your local recycling guidelines. Some ploggers separate recyclables from trash during their route to make disposal easier.
Can children participate in plogging?
Absolutely, with appropriate supervision. Plogging is a wonderful way to teach children about environmental responsibility while getting exercise. Adults should handle any potentially hazardous items and choose safe routes away from heavy traffic. Many schools and youth organizations have incorporated plogging into their programming. Just ensure children understand not to touch sharp objects or anything unfamiliar, and always wash hands thoroughly afterward.
Does plogging actually make a difference environmentally?
Yes, though it’s important to be realistic about scale. Individual plogging sessions remove small amounts of litter, but collective efforts add up significantly. The Keep Sweden Clean organization has documented hundreds of tons of waste collected through organized plogging events. Beyond the direct impact, plogging raises awareness about waste and consumption habits, potentially leading to broader behavioral changes. Every piece of litter removed is one less piece polluting the environment, threatening wildlife, or washing into waterways.








